{"id":2143,"date":"2016-12-28T15:34:20","date_gmt":"2016-12-28T19:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.papaworx.com\/Book\/?page_id=2143"},"modified":"2017-01-22T17:30:28","modified_gmt":"2017-01-22T21:30:28","slug":"13-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/?page_id=2143","title":{"rendered":"13-1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"Standard\">In retrospect, it is difficult to determine whether the negative image the Jews left behind in St\u00fchlingen is the result of a structural cultural conflict, or whether it was caused by the Jews\u2019 behaviour. It is clear that the Jews were not welcome in St\u00fchlingen when they first arrived there at the end of the sixteenth century. They were permitted to settle for financial rather than compassionate reasons, and they were burdened correspondingly. The rulers, rather than the citizens themselves, benefited from accepting the Jews. Since the town boundaries of St\u00fchlingen were fixed, new immigrants had to compete with the existing population for the limited housing space. Extant merchants and butchers resented the added competition; the townspeople may have welcomed a loan from the Jews when they needed it, but they resented the requirement to pay it back. The Catholic Church and the clergy, who set the social norms locally, were hostile to Jews for dogmatic reasons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"Standard\"> Whether, and to what degree, characteristics and behaviour of social groups are determined by nature or nurture has kept anthropologists and sociologists disputing for centuries. \u00c9mile Durkheim, one of the fathers of sociology, has introduced such terms as \u201canomie\u201d and \u201calienation\u201d to describe a state of social disengagement.<span class=\"Footnote_20_Reference\"><span class=\"Footnote_20_anchor\" title=\"Footnote: See Olsen, \u201cDurkheim\u2019s Two Concepts of Anomie,\u201d 000; Dean, \u201cAlienation,\u201d 000. &lt;pg #s for both?&gt;\"><a id=\"body_ftn2\" href=\"#ftn2\">2<\/a><\/span><\/span> The field is heavy in theories and light in quantitative, empiric evidence, but the following idea carries a fair degree of plausibility: when a group perceives the social contract as biased against them, group members may be less likely to voluntarily adhere to it. Observational studies from the fields of racial segregation and organizational behaviour lend some credibility to this hypothesis.<span class=\"Footnote_20_Reference\"><span class=\"Footnote_20_anchor\" title=\"Footnote: Bullough, \u201cAlienation in the Ghetto,\u201d 000; Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara and Meli\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez, \u201cThe Role of Anomia,\u201d 000. &lt;pg #s for both?&gt;\"><a id=\"body_ftn3\" href=\"#ftn3\">3<\/a><\/span><\/span> However, in our population we also observe a certain disregard for intragroup norms, for example, in respect to trading in stolen goods. Thus, social deregulation seems to have been more diffuse rather than specific.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"Footnote\"><span class=\"footnodeNumber\"><a id=\"ftn2\" class=\"Footnote_20_Symbol\" href=\"#body_ftn2\">2<\/a><\/span>See Olsen, \u201cDurkheim\u2019s Two Concepts of Anomie,\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Footnote\"><span class=\"footnodeNumber\"><a id=\"ftn3\" class=\"Footnote_20_Symbol\" href=\"#body_ftn3\">3<\/a><\/span>Bullough, \u201cAlienation in the Ghetto,\u201d; Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara and Meli\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez, \u201cThe Role of Anomia,\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In retrospect, it is difficult to determine whether the negative image the Jews left behind in St\u00fchlingen is the result of a structural cultural conflict, or whether it was caused by the Jews\u2019 behaviour. It is clear that the Jews were not welcome in St\u00fchlingen when they first arrived there at the end of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":2139,"menu_order":191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"new_page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2143"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2143"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2143\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}