{"id":1179,"date":"2016-12-21T20:05:32","date_gmt":"2016-12-22T00:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.papaworx.com\/Book\/?page_id=1179"},"modified":"2016-12-21T20:05:32","modified_gmt":"2016-12-22T00:05:32","slug":"3-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/?page_id=1179","title":{"rendered":"3-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

The situation was more complicated in Switzerland. Familiar from the William Tell saga, Switzerland began to separate from imperial Germany in 1291 when the three original, regional, informal republics formed a loose confederation whose main purposes were the defence against external enemies and the consensual settlement of internal conflicts. The three initial entities, later to be designated \u2018cantons\u2019 after the Napoleonic occupation, were gradually joined by other such cantons, each jealously guarding its internal autonomy; thus the principles of a federal state gradually evolved. Unrestrained by a leaky imperial protectorate of Jews, the Swiss were able to evict the last Jews from Solothurn in 1582,12<\/a><\/span> rendering Switzerland judenrein<\/em> (free of Jews). <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Endingen and Lengnau in the county of Baden, Canton Aargau, were the first two villages in Switzerland where Jews, fleeing from the ravages of the Thirty Years\u2019 War, were again allowed to settle in the seventeenth century.<\/span><\/p>\n

We know from St\u00fchlingen sources that Jews had lived in Klingnau13<\/a><\/span><\/span> and found refuge in Hallau. A certain Raphael\u2019s (Phol) brother Menachem (Manno, B1.4<\/span><\/a>) lived in Klingnau in 1604 [R1443]<\/span><\/a>, as did Isaias (Schai) in 1619 [R1516]<\/span><\/a> and Mordechai (Mordigi) in 1630 [R2636]<\/span><\/a>. Florence Guggenheim-Gr\u00fcnberg has postulated that Isaias and Mordechai belonged to the Tryfuss (Dreyfuss) family.14<\/span> It is plausible that they were related to the Treves brothers in Tiengen.15<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kaiphas (K\u00fcffa, K1<\/span><\/a>) was jailed in Klingnau in 1652 [R1884]<\/span><\/a>. During the Thirty Years\u2019 War Samuel (Schmull) ben Jacob Gugenheimb (G1.2<\/a>) found refuge in Hallau, canton Schaffhausen [R4069]<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

During the unrests in 1641 and 1656, the sheriff of Klingnau inquired of his superiors what he should do about the Jews. In 1641 he was told to leave them alone, but around Carnival 1656, after the First Battle of Villmergen, the sheriff had the Jews evicted16<\/a><\/span><\/span> and apparently some lost their lives. We know from St\u00fchlingen sources that a group of refugees from Switzerland arrived there at that time [R2060]<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

The first Jews arrived in Lengnau17<\/a><\/span><\/span> around 1633, probably refugees from the Thirty Years\u2019 War in Germany.18<\/a><\/span><\/span> Apparently the local sheriff was requested by his superiors in 1634 to justify the fact that he had allowed twenty Jewish families to live there in the absence of a legal basis.19<\/a><\/span> As a temporary measure, passage taxes (Geleitzoll) were mandated for Jews in Bremgarten, Lenzburg,20<\/a><\/span><\/span> and Baden.21<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

12<\/a><\/span>SSRQ, \/SO\/361.<\/p>\n

13<\/a><\/span>Klingnau, though south of the Rhine, formally belonged not to Switzerland but to the bishop of Constance.<\/p>\n

14<\/a><\/span>Guggenheim-Gr\u00fcnberg, \u201cDie \u00e4ltesten j\u00fcdischen Familien.\u201d<\/p>\n

15<\/a><\/span>Sidorko, \u201cEliezer ben Naphtali Herz Treves.\u201d<\/p>\n

16<\/a><\/span>Ulrichs, “Sammlung j\u00fcdischer Geschichten”, 267.<\/p>\n

17<\/a><\/span>Until the eighteenth century, the village was also known as \u2018Lenglau.\u2019<\/p>\n

18<\/a><\/span>Haller, “Die rechtliche Stellung”, 7.<\/p>\n

19<\/a><\/span>Ulrichs, Sammlung j\u00fcdischer Geschichten<\/span>, 273.<\/span><\/p>\n

20<\/a><\/span>SSRQ, \/AG\/107.<\/span><\/p>\n

21<\/a><\/span>Ibid., \/AG\/373.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The situation was more complicated in Switzerland. Familiar from the William Tell saga, Switzerland began to separate from imperial Germany in 1291 when the three original, regional, informal republics formed a loose confederation whose main purposes were the defence against external enemies and the consensual settlement of internal conflicts. The three initial entities, later to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":1160,"menu_order":42,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"new_page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1179"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1179"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1179\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stuehlingen.online\/Book\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}